Lagom-style sharpness patterns
Each block is a 1px alternating black/white grid drawn at the device pixel ratio. On a correctly-scaled monitor with neutral sharpness, every block should look like a uniform mid-grey at arm's length. Visible banding, moire, or shimmer means OS scaling, monitor over-sharpening, or a non-native resolution is interfering with pixel-perfect rendering.
Text clarity at 8 sizes × 3 fonts
Read each block. Small text should remain crisp, not fuzzy. The same paragraph is rendered in serif, sans, and monospace at 12-64 px so you can compare hinting, stem thickness, and grayscale anti-aliasing.
Color fringing detection
Look at the edges of each character. If you see thin red, green, or blue halos along letter strokes, that is chromatic aberration from sub-pixel anti-aliasing on a non-RGB-stripe panel (e.g. RWBG, BGR, OLED PenTile). Black-on-white and white-on-black often render with different sub-pixel hinting.
16px black on white
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. 0123456789
Sharpness
16px white on black
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. 0123456789
Sharpness
Sub-pixel layout ruler
A 1px wide repeating pattern of pure red, green, blue, and black columns. Lean in close (or use a phone camera macro). On a standard RGB-stripe LCD you should see a clean R-G-B-K stripe; on a BGR panel the order reverses; OLEDs with PenTile arrangement will look mottled. This tells you the pixel layout your monitor uses for sub-pixel anti-aliasing.
Denser RGB+black:
Solid R/G/B reference (helps identify a stuck pixel within a column):